Biodiversity refers to the diversity of living organisms in nature and the ecosystems they form a part of. Biodiversity encompasses genetic diversity, species richness and habitat variety. It is important for human survival and well-being because it provides resources such as clean air, water, natural medicines, food and fibres. It also regulates diseases, stabilises climate, and helps to maintain the natural environment, including soil quality.
Biodiverse ecosystems are also more resilient to environmental stress, which makes them essential for sustaining our global food supply. For example, healthy ecosystems can naturally control agricultural pests by attracting birds and bats, which feed on them. This reduces farmers’ dependence on chemical fertilisers that harm nature in the long run and allow crops to flourish.
Besides providing food and other natural resources, biodiversity also preserves different cultures and spiritual heritage. It is a key source of recreational activities such as hiking, bird watching and sightseeing. It also supports many forms of livelihoods and is necessary for economic growth and stability.
While humans are responsible for a majority of the current biodiversity loss, the situation can be improved. We need to integrate Indigenous wisdom on the environment into global policymaking, and support initiatives such as the UN’s 30