Hurricane is a severe tropical storm with winds of at least 74 miles per hour and large surf that can cause flooding and erosion. These powerful storms form over warm ocean waters, which give them strength and power. Warm water also sucks air from the surrounding area, which creates intense wind. These conditions create a swirling area of low pressure in the center of the storm called the eye. The spinning air carries heavy rains and winds that can damage buildings and down trees.
To become a hurricane, the warm, moist air must reach a threshold temperature of 26 degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit). Then the swirling air sucks up more hot, moist air, which increases the speed and power of the storm.
Once the hurricane reaches land, it loses the warm water and weakens. But even after the hurricane slows down, its strong winds can damage buildings and cause floods. Rains from the storm can also lead to mudslides.
Hurricanes are the deadliest natural disaster in the United States. In recent years, they have caused more destruction than ever before. The reason is likely changes in the atmosphere, like the warming of the Arctic.
People living in coastal areas can prepare by learning about the threat of hurricanes and developing their own personal preparedness plans. They can work with their local government to implement hurricane protection measures, such as levees or beach nourishment. And they can help protect their families and businesses by preparing for business interruption insurance.